Diástase dos retos abdominais pode levar a disfunções do assoalho pélvico? / Can rectus abdominis diastasis cause pelvic floor dysfunction?

Introdução: A disfunção do assoalho pélvico é definida como qualquer desvio da função normal dos músculos do assoalho pélvico: prolapsos, incontinência, dor pélvica, disfunções sexuais. Dentre as diversas condições, a diástase dos retos abdominais é recorrente, definida como um comprometimento com a separação da linha média dos dois músculos retos abdominais ao longo da linha alba. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura dos estudos dos últimos 10 anos, a fim de responder se a diástase dos retos pode estar envolvida em alguma disfunção do assoalho pélvico. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada através de busca em artigos científicos publicados no período compreendido entre os anos de 2011 e 2021, nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, BVS e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: Majoritariamente os estudos foram realizados em mulheres até 12 meses pós-parto e não encontraram relação das disfunções de assoalho pélvico associadas à presença de diástase dos retos abdominais. Contudo, um estudo realizado em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa descreve que a diástase mostrou ser um fator preditivo para disfunção do assoalho pélvico. Conclusão: A variabilidade entre os protocolos aplicados dificultou a comparação entre os estudos, sendo necessários estudos com maior qualidade metodológica a fim de preencher as lacunas do conhecimento.

Autoestima, autoimagem, qualidade de vida e de saúde de mulheres na pós-menopausa / Postmenopausal women self-esteem, self-image, and quality of life and health

Este estudo avaliou a autoestima, autoimagem, qualidade de vida e de saúde de mulheres no período de pós-menopausa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e descritiva, com amostra de conveniência de cinquenta mulheres. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados um questionário socioeconômico, a escala de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), questionário de saúde mental da mulher (QSM), questionário de autoestima e autoimagem e escala de avaliação da menopausa (MRS). Observou-se que as mulheres estavam insatisfeitas com sua autoimagem e autoestima, na avaliação da menopausa foram encontrados sintomas moderados, no questionário de saúde mental o escore foi considerado médio e nos domínios de qualidade de vida teve maior satisfação no físico e menor no meio ambiente. Concluiu-se que as avaliadas apresentaram sintomas considerados moderados da menopausa e não estavam muito satisfeitas com sua autoestima e autoimagem e com o domínio meio ambiente de qualidade de vida.

This study evaluated the self-esteem, self-image, quality of life and health of postmenopausal women. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, with a convenience sample of fifty women. The instruments used were a socioeconomic questionnaire, the quality of life scale (WHOQOL-Bref), a women's mental health questionnaire (WMHQ), a self-esteem and self-image questionnaire, and a menopause assessment scale (MRS). It was observed that women were dissatisfied with their self-image and self-esteem; in the menopause assessment, moderate symptoms were found, in the mental health questionnaire the score was considered medium, and in the quality of life domains they had greater satisfaction in the physical domain and lower in the environment one. It was concluded that the evaluated women presented moderate symptoms of menopause and were not very satisfied with their self-esteem and self-image and with the environment domain of quality of life.

Este estudio evaluó la autoestima, la autoimagen, la calidad de vida y la salud de mujeres posmenopáusicas. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva con cincuenta mujeres. Se aplicó un cuestionario socioeconómico, escala de calidad de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), cuestionario de salud mental de la mujer (QSM), cuestionario de autoestima y autoimagen y escala de evaluación de la menopausia (MRS). Se observó que las mujeres estaban descontentas con su autoimagen y autoestima, en la evaluación de la menopausia se encontraron síntomas moderados, en el cuestionario de salud mental se consideró puntaje medio y en los dominios de calidad de vida tuvieron mayor satisfacción en la parte física y más bajo en el medio ambiente. Se concluyó que las evaluadas presentaban síntomas moderados de menopausia y no estaban muy satisfechas con su autoestima e imagen de sí mismas y con el dominio ambiental de la calidad de vida.

Desenvolvimento de webtecnologia educacional sobre citologia clínica para estudantes e profissionais da área da saúde / Desarrollo de tecnología web educativa. sobre citología clínica para estudiantes y profesionales de la salud / Development of educational webtechnology on clinical cytology for students and healthcare professionals

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de desenvolvimento de uma webtecnologia educacional, do tipo blog, sobre citologia clínica, para estudantes e profissionais da área da saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica para construção de tecnologia educacional em saúde, desenvolvida em três etapas: Revisão da literatura (2019), a partir da qual se deu o delineamento teórico; Fotodocumentação (2020), que foi a fase responsável pela obtenção do conteúdo imagético; Construção (2020-2021), a partir da qual se deu a criação do blog. Resultados: Na primeira fase, obteve-se a fundamentação teórica. Na segunda fase, realizou-se a obtenção das imagens e na terceira fase, o desenvolvimento do produto técnico-tecnológico. Conclusão: O blog, emerge como modelo de suporte para proporcionar um caráter de ubiquidade à informação e como consequência disso, ampliar o potencial gerador de conhecimento sobre citologia clínica entre estudantes e profissionais de diversos campos da área da saúde, com enfoque à Biomedicina e Enfermagem(AU)

Objective: To describe the development process of an educational webtechnology, like a blog, about clinical cytology, for students and health professionals. Methods: Methodological research for the construction of educational technology in health, developed in three stages: Literature review (2019), from which the theoretical outline was given; Photodocumentation (2020), which was the phase responsible for obtaining the image content; Construction (2020-2021), from which the creation of the blog took place. Results: In the first phase, the theoretical foundation was obtained. In the second phase, the images were obtained and in the third phase, the development of the technical-technological product. Conclusion: The blog emerges as a support model to provide a ubiquitous character to information and, as a consequence, expand the potential generator of knowledge about clinical cytology among students and professionals from different fields of health, with a focus on Biomedicine and Nursing(AU)

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de desarrollo de una tecnología web educativa, como un blog, sobre citología clínica, para estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Investigación metodológica para la construcción de tecnología educativa en salud, desarrollada en tres etapas: Revisión de la literatura (2019), a partir de la cual se dio el esquema teórico; Fotodocumentación (2020), que fue la fase encargada de obtener el contenido de la imagen; Construcción (2020-2021), a partir de la cual tuvo lugar la creación del blog. Resultados: En la primera fase se obtuvo el fundamento teórico. En la segunda fase se obtuvieron las imágenes y en la tercera fase, el desarrollo del producto técnico-tecnológico. Conclusión: El blog surge como un modelo de apoyo para dotar de un carácter ubicuo a la información y, como consecuencia, ampliar el potencial generador de conocimiento sobre citología clínica entre estudiantes y profesionales de diferentes campos de la salud, con enfoque en Biomedicina y Enfermería(AU)

Meningiomas: An Overview of the Landscape of Copy Number Alterations in Samples from an Admixed Population.

Meningiomas are considered the most common intracranial tumors, affecting mainly women. Studies in mixed populations can be of great importance to clarify issues related to the genetic diversity of tumors and their development. Considering that data obtained from analyses of the profile of copy number alterations (CNA) have been a useful diagnostic indicator for many types of tumors and that meningiomas show a complex pattern of gains and losses in the number of copies, our objective was to analyze the CNA profile in 33 samples of meningiomas of different histological grades (WHO Grade I-III) from patients in a city located in the Amazon region of Brazil, using aCGH. We found that the female to male ratio was 3 : 1. The aCGH analysis revealed a total of 2304 CNA, with an average of 69.8 ± 57.4 per case, of which 1197 were gains (52%), 926 were losses (40.2%), 105 were amplifications (4. 5%), and 76 were deletions (3.3%). A significant relationship was observed between the type of CNA and the degree of the tumor (chi-square test: χ 2 = 65,844; p < 0.0001; contingency coefficient: C = 0.1772; p < 0.0001). Evaluating the recurrent changes in at least 50% of the samples, we observe as the most frequent losses of the segments 22q13.1-q13.2 (82%), 1p35.3 (76%), and 14q13.1-q13.2 (67%), involving all histopathological grades. The analysis of these regions showed the inclusion of genes with functions such as regulation, maintenance of cell survival, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, cell signaling, and DNA repair, among others. However, overall, the profiles observed in meningiomas of this admixed population were very similar to the ones observed in Caucasian groups. An interesting finding was a recurrent gain of 8p22 observed only in grade I meningiomas, a region which includes DLC1, a suppressor candidate gene probably implicated in the developments or progression of meningiomas, usually found deleted, when related to CNAs.

Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular em pacientes com depressão em um hospital do sul do Brasil / l Risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with depression in a hospital in Southern Brazil

Introdução: A associação entre depressão e fatores de risco cardiovascular é recorrente. O aumento de risco em deprimidos está relacionado à fatores como obesidade, sedentarismo, dislipidemia, alcoolismo e tabagismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes com quadro de depressão internados em um hospital do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal que envolveu adultos de ambos os sexos internados por episódio depressivo. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelas medidas antropométricas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. Um questionário foi aplicado englobando perfil sociodemográfico, histórico familiar de doenças, consumo de produtos de tabaco e de álcool, atividade física, além do questionário autoaplicável para medida da severidade da depressão. Para avaliação do risco cardiovascular global, foi calculado o escore de Framingham. Os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson (χ2 ) ou exato de Fisher foram utilizados para testar a associação entre as variáveis categóricas, considerando o nível de significância quando p ≤ 0,05 e IC95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 54 indivíduos, predominantemente mulheres (n = 32), com idade média de 40,2 ± 10,8 anos. A depressão foi classificada como grave na maioria dos pacientes (n = 29). Fatores de risco relacionados ao nível de atividade física (sedentarismo), dislipidemia e estado nutricional (sobrepeso e obesidade) estiveram presentes em 81,5%, 73,1% e 66,7% da amostra, respectivamente. Percentual de risco obtido por meio do escore de Framingham foi encontrado acima do normal em 42,9% dos indivíduos. Depressão leve associou-se positivamente aos pacientes com magreza/eutrofia e, ao serem estratificados como severos e não-severos, o primeiro grupo teve associação positiva com histórico familiar de excesso de peso e hipertensão. Conclusões: Diversos fatores de risco cardiovascular foram encontrados, alertando para a importância do cuidado integral da saúde do paciente e avaliação destes indicadores. (AU)

Introduction: The association between depression and cardiovascular risk factors is recurrent. Increased risk of depression is related to factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, alcoholism, and smoking. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with depression admitted to a hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving adults of both sexes hospitalized for a depressive episode. Nutritional status was assessed by the anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. A questionnaire was applied covering sociodemographic data, family history of diseases, consumption of tobacco and alcohol products, and physical activity, in addition to a self-administered questionnaire to measure the severity of depression. The Framingham risk score was calculated for global cardiovascular risk evaluation. Pearson's chi-square test (χ2 ) or Fisher's exact Test were used to test the association between categorical variables, considering the level of significance at p ≤ 0.05 and 95% CI. Results: Fifty-four individuals were evaluated, most were women (n = 32), with a mean age of 40.2 ± 10.8 years were evaluated. Depression was classified as severe in most patients (n = 29). Risk factors related to the physical activity level (sedentary lifestyle), dyslipidemia and nutritional status (overweight and obesity) were present in 81.5%, 73.1% and 66.7% of the sample, respectively. Percentage of risk obtained by the Framingham risk score was found above normal in 42.9% of the individuals. Mild depression was positively associated with thin/eutrophic patients and, when stratified as severe and non-severe, the first group had a positive association with family history of overweight and hypertension. Conclusions: Several cardiovascular risk factors were found, alerting to the importance of integral health care for patients and evaluation of these indicators. (AU)

Efeitos do Uso do Computador na Cognição, Estado Emocional, Qualidade de Vida e Habilidade Manual de Idosos / Effects of Computer Use on Cognition, Emotional State, Quality of Life and Motor Skills of the Elderly

Resumo Este estudo buscou verificar os efeitos do uso do computador no desempenho cognitivo, estado emocional, qualidade de vida e habilidade motora manual de participantes de oficinas de informática. A amostra foi constituída por 114 idosos, divididos em grupo sem informática (GSI) com 58 idosos e grupo informática (GI) com 56 idosos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke Revisado (ACE-R), Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), força de preensão manual (dinamômetro Saehan Corporation®) e motricidade fina (painel de habilidades manuais). Os resultados revelaram que o uso do computador contribuiu positivamente para a funcionalidade cognitiva do idoso, melhorando seu estado emocional, sua qualidade de vida e sua habilidade motora manual.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the effects of computer use on the cognitive performance, emotional state, quality of life and motor skills of participants enrolled in computer classes. The sample consisted of 114 elderly people who were divided into two groups: one without computer skills (GSI) comprised of 58 people, and another with computer skills (CG), comprised of 56. For this study, we used Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), a quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-Bref), and measurements of handgrip strength (dynamometer Saehan Corporation®) and fine motor skill (manual skills panel). The results showed that computer use may contribute positively to the cognitive function of the elderly, improving their emotional state, quality of life and motor skills.

Novel organic salts based on quinoline derivatives: The in vitro activity trigger apoptosis inhibiting autophagy in Leishmania spp.

Leishmaniases are infectious diseases, caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus. These drugs present high toxicity, long-term administration, many adverse effects and are expensive, besides the identification of resistant parasites. In this work, the antileishmanial activity of quinoline derivative salts (QDS) was evaluated, as well as the toxicity on mammalian cells and the mechanism of action of the most promising compound. Among the compound tested, only the compound QDS3 showed activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania spp., being more active against the intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis-GFP (IC50 of 5.48 µM). This value is very close to the one observed for miltefosine (IC50 of 4.05 µM), used as control drug. Furthermore, the compound QDS3 exhibited a selective effect, being 40.35 times more toxic to the amastigote form than to the host cell. Additionally, promastigotes of L. amazonensis treated with this compound exhibited characteristics of cells in the process of apoptosis such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, mitochondrial swelling, increase of ROS production, phosphatidylserine externalization, reduced and rounded shape, and cell cycle alteration. The integrity of the plasma membrane remained unaltered, excluding necrosis in treated promastigotes. The compound QDS3 inhibited the formation of autophagic vacuoles, which may have contributed to parasite death by preventing autophagic mechanisms in the removal of damaged organelles, intensifying the damage caused by the treatment, highlighting the antileishmanial effect of this compound. In addition, treatment with QDS3 induced increased ROS levels in L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, but not in uninfected host cell. These data reinforce that the induction of oxidative stress is one of the main toxic effects caused by the treatment with the compound QDS3 in L. amazonensis, causing irreversible damage and triggering a selective death of intracellular parasites. Data shown here confirm the biological activity of quinoline derivatives and encourage future in vivo studies with this compound in the murine model.

Construction and validation of content of one instrument to assess falls in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate the content of the online Questionnaire for Fall Risk Assessment in the Elderly. METHODS: The instrument was developed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization. Initially, the set of items was submitted to evaluation of judges (healthcare professionals with experience in elderly health), who could suggest inclusion or exclusion of questions from the instrument; they were also asked to rate each question according to the expected scope. At this stage, clarity and relevance levels for each item were evaluated, generating a total of Content Validity Coefficient (CtVC). RESULTS: Content Validity Coefficient values were satisfactory for both clarity (CtVC=0.76) and relevance (CtVC=0.82) of the questions. Next, a group of elderly volunteers participating in a socializing group evaluated the questionnaire for comprehension. The level of comprehension for each item was identified on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 5. The questionnaire was considered easy to understand by most participants (95%), with a mean of 4.75 (±0.11) points for each item. CONCLUSION: The instrument showed acceptable psychometric qualities for screening fall risk among the elderly population. Future studies shall investigate different validation aspects of construct for this measure.

Construction and validation of content of one instrument to assess falls in the elderly / Construção e validade de conteúdo de um instrumento para avaliação de quedas em idosos

ABSTRACT Objective To develop and validate the content of the online Questionnaire for Fall Risk Assessment in the Elderly. Methods The instrument was developed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization. Initially, the set of items was submitted to evaluation of judges (healthcare professionals with experience in elderly health), who could suggest inclusion or exclusion of questions from the instrument; they were also asked to rate each question according to the expected scope. At this stage, clarity and relevance levels for each item were evaluated, generating a total of Content Validity Coefficient (CtVC). Results Content Validity Coefficient values were satisfactory for both clarity (CtVC=0.76) and relevance (CtVC=0.82) of the questions. Next, a group of elderly volunteers participating in a socializing group evaluated the questionnaire for comprehension. The level of comprehension for each item was identified on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 5. The questionnaire was considered easy to understand by most participants (95%), with a mean of 4.75 (±0.11) points for each item. Conclusion The instrument showed acceptable psychometric qualities for screening fall risk among the elderly population. Future studies shall investigate different validation aspects of construct for this measure.

RESUMO Objetivo Desenvolver e validar o conteúdo do Questionário on-line para Avaliação do Risco de Quedas em Idosos. Métodos A construção do instrumento foi baseada na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Inicialmente, o conjunto de itens foi submetido à avaliação de juízes (profissionais da saúde com experiência em saúde do idoso), que puderam sugerir questões a serem incluídas/excluídas do instrumento, além de verificarem cada questão do questionário, observando se as dimensões a serem avaliadas tinham sido abrangidas. Nesta etapa, os níveis de clareza e pertinência do conteúdo foram avaliados, gerando um total de Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo (CVCt). Resultados Os valores do Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo foram satisfatórios, tanto para a clareza (CVCt=0,76) quanto para a pertinência (CVCt=0,82) das questões. A seguir, a compreensão do questionário foi avaliada por idosos voluntários participantes de um grupo de convivência. O grau de compreensão para cada questão foi identificado em uma escala do tipo Likert, variando de 0 a 5. O questionário foi considerado de fácil compreensão pela maioria dos idosos (95%), com média de 4,75 (±0,11) pontos para cada questão. Conclusão O instrumento apresentou qualidades psicométricas aceitáveis para ser utilizado como ferramenta para rastrear o risco de quedas entre a população de idosos. Futuros estudos devem investigar diferentes aspectos da validade de construto desta medida.

Desempenho cognitivo e motor manual de idosos / Cognitive performance and manual motor of the elderly / El rendimiento cognitivo y motor de ancianos manual

O desempenho cognitivo e a habilidade motora manual de idosos foram avaliados. A amostra foi constituída por 120 idosos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke Revisado (ACE-R) que avalia domínios como atenção e orientação, memória, fluência, linguagem, habilidades visuo-espaciais; dinamômetro Saehan Corporation® para verificar a força de preensão manual e o painel de habilidades manuais para motricidade fina. Como resultado observou-se que neste estudo a força de preensão manual, a motricidade fina e a cognição dos idosos apresentaram piores desempenhos com o avançar da idade. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as faixas etárias e os domínios cognitivos memória (p=0,022), visual-espacial (p=0,014) e total (p=0,012) e associação entre os domínios cognitivos de memória (p=0,0280), fluência (p=0,003), linguagem (p<0,001), visual-espacial (p<0,001) e motricidade fina.

It was evaluated the cognitive performance and the manual motor skill of the elderly. The sample consisted of 120 elderly. The instruments used were: Revised Addenbrooke Cognitive Exam (ACE-R) that evaluates domains such as attention and orientation, memory, fluency, language, visuospatial skills; Saehan Corporation® dynamometer to check the manual grip strength and the fine motor skill panel. As a result, it was observed that in this study, the manual grip strength, the fine motor skills and the cognition of the elderly presented worse performances with advancing age. There was a statistically significant difference between age groups and cognitive domains (p=0.022), visual-spatial (p=0.014) and total (p=0.012) and association between memory cognitive domains (p=0.0280), (P=0.003), language (p<0.001), visual-spatial (p<0.001) and fine motor skills.

Se evaluó el rendimiento cognitivo y la capacidad motora manual de los ancianos. La muestra fue de 120 personas de edad avanzada. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: El examen cognitivo de Addenbrooke Revisado (ACE-R) que evalúa áreas como la atención y orientación, memoria, fluidez, lenguaje, habilidades visuoespaciales; Saehan Corporación® dinamómetro para verificar panel de la fuerza de prensión y las habilidades manuales para la motricidad fina. Como resultado se observó que esta fuerza estudio del mango, la motricidad fina y la cognición de los adultos mayores tuvieron el peor desempeño con la edad avanzada. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de edad y dominios cognitivos de la memoria (p=0,022), visual-espacial (p=0,014) y total (p=0,012) y la asociación entre los dominios cognitivos de la memoria (p=0,0280) fluencia (p=0,003), el lenguaje (p<0,001), visual-espacial (p<0,001) y la motricidad fina.

Timed Up and Go como ferramenta de screening para fragilidade em idosos fisicamente ativos / The Timed Up and Go as a screening tool for fragility in physically active elderly

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a performance do Timed Up and Go (TUG) como ferramenta de rastreamento para fragilidade em idosos fisicamente ativos. Método Realizou-se estudo transversal e uma curva Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) foi construída para avaliar a capacidade diagnóstica do teste. Reultados O TUG apresentou adequada sensibilidade (90,0%), especificidade (35,5%), VPP (32,6%) e VPN (90,9%) na predição da fragilidade, com ponto de corte de TUG≥7,21 segundos. Conclusão Além da fácil aplicabilidade e baixo custo, o TUG passa ser importante para o rastreamento, podendo identificar precocemente indivíduos com provável fragilidade, possibilitando o planejamento de intervenções, prevenindo o declínio funcional.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) as a screening tool for fragility in physically active elderly. Method This is a cross-sectional study with a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the diagnostic adequacy of the test. Results The TUG showed adequate sensitivity (90.0%), specificity (35.5%), PPV (32.6%) and VPN (90.9%) for predicting fragility. The suggested cutoff point was TUG ≥7.21 seconds. Conclusion In addition to the easy applicability and low cost, the TUG is important for tracking and early identifying individuals with likely fragility, enabling planning interventions, preventing functional decline. Keywords: ROC curve; frail elderly; exercise.

Analysis of life quality and prevalence of cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in older adults / Análise da qualidade de vida e prevalência de declínio cognitivo, ansiedade e sintomas depressivos em idosos

Abstract The development of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and a decrease in cognitive performance can affect older adults’ quality of life. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze quality of life and determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression symptoms in senior center participants. A total of 120 older adults living in the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, participated in this study. The convenience sampling technique was used. All participants answered questions relative to socio-demographic variables, quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref), cognitive performance (Addenbrooke’ Cognitive Examination), and emotional state (Geriatric Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory). The prevalence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment were low indicating satisfactory quality of life of the older adults investigated.

Resumo O desenvolvimento de ansiedade, de sintomas depressivos e a diminuição do desempenho cognitivo podem alterar a qualidade de vida do idoso. O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi analisar a qualidade de vida e verificar a prevalência de declínio cognitivo, ansiedade e sintomas depressivos de participantes de grupos de convivência. O estudo teve a participação de 120 idosos do município de Passo Fundo, RS. Utilizou-se o método amostral de conveniência. Todos os participantes responderam sobre condições sociodemográficas, qualidade de vida (World Health Organization Quality of Life Group-Bref), desempenho cognitivo (Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke) e estado emocional (Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck). A prevalência de ansiedade, sintomas depressivos e declínio cognitivo foram baixos, repercutindo positivamente na qualidade de vida dos idosos, que se mostrou boa e satisfatória.

Investigation on the Effect of Drill Geometry and Pilot Holes on Thrust Force and Burr Height When Drilling an Aluminium/PE Sandwich Material.

Composite materials are widely employed in the naval, aerospace and transportation industries owing to the combination of being lightweight and having a high modulus of elasticity, strength and stiffness. Drilling is an operation generally used in composite materials to assemble the final product. Damages such as the burr at the drill entrance and exit, geometric deviations and delamination are typically found in composites subjected to drilling. Drills with special geometries and pilot holes are alternatives used to improve hole quality as well as to increase tool life. The present study is focused on the drilling of a sandwich composite material (two external aluminum plates bound to a polyethylene core). In order to minimize thrust force and burr height, the influence of drill geometry, the pilot hole and the cutting parameters was assessed. Thrust force and burr height values were collected and used to perform an analysis of variance. The results indicated that the tool and the cutting speed were the parameters with more weight on the thrust force and for burr height they were the tool and the interaction between tool and feed. The results indicated that drilling with a pilot hole of Ø4 mm exhibited the best performance with regard to thrust force but facilitated plastic deformation, thus leading to the elevation of burr height, while the lowest burr height was obtained using the Brad and Spur drill geometry.

Envelhecimento e usuários de informática: repercussões de um programa ergonômico / Aging and computer science users: repercussions of na ergonomic program

Este estudo visa conhecer as repercussões de um programa ergonômico para usuários de informática participantes de um grupo de convivência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quase experimental e qualitativa, com base em análise temática. As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas em média e desvio padrão. Para a ocorrência de diferenças significativas entre as medidas antropométricas, realizou-se o teste T de Wilcoxon (p ≤ 0,05). Da caracterização dos participantes, observou-se que eles têm bom poder aquisitivo e nível de escolaridade. As alterações na coluna vertebral apresentaram um percentual elevado, mas não houve diferenças significativas nas medidas antropométricas. Por sua vez, as condições de uso do computador mostraram-se razoáveis. Os depoimentos evidenciaram a importância desse programa para a conscientização postural, melhora de movimentos da coluna vertebral e alívio de dores. O estudo mostrou que ambientes informatizados não adaptados podem levar a uma acentuada postura incorreta e dores musculoesqueléticas.(AU)

This work intends to know the repercussions of an ergonomic program for computer science users in a social group. It is a research almost experimental and qualitative, based on theme analysis. The description of the quantitative variables was accomplished by means of average and standard deviation. To verify if there were significant differences between the anthropometric measurements, the Wilcoxon T test (p ≤ 0,05) was carried out. From the participants’ characterization, it was observed that they have great purchasing power and school level. The changes in the vertebral column obtained a high percentage among the researched subjects, however, there were no significant differences in the anthropometric measurements. On the other hand, the computer usage conditions were reasonable. The statements identified that the ergonomic program was important for postural awareness, movement improvement of the vertebral column and pain relief. This study shows that computerized environments which are not adjusted for the elderly can lead to an accented incorrect posture and musculoskeletal pain.(AU)

Envelhecimento e usuários de informática: repercussões de um programa ergonômico / Aging and computer science users: repercussions of na ergonomic program

Este estudo visa conhecer as repercussões de um programa ergonômico para usuários de informática participantes de um grupo de convivência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quase experimental e qualitativa, com base em análise temática. As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas em média e desvio padrão. Para a ocorrência de diferenças significativas entre as medidas antropométricas, realizou-se o teste T de Wilcoxon (p ≤ 0,05). Da caracterização dos participantes, observou-se que eles têm bom poder aquisitivo e nível de escolaridade. As alterações na coluna vertebral apresentaram um percentual elevado, mas não houve diferenças significativas nas medidas antropométricas. Por sua vez, as condições de uso do computador mostraram-se razoáveis. Os depoimentos evidenciaram a importância desse programa para a conscientização postural, melhora de movimentos da coluna vertebral e alívio de dores. O estudo mostrou que ambientes informatizados não adaptados podem levar a uma acentuada postura incorreta e dores musculoesqueléticas.

This work intends to know the repercussions of an ergonomic program for computer science users in a social group. It is a research almost experimental and qualitative, based on theme analysis. The description of the quantitative variables was accomplished by means of average and standard deviation. To verify if there were significant differences between the anthropometric measurements, the Wilcoxon T test (p ≤ 0,05) was carried out. From the participants’ characterization, it was observed that they have great purchasing power and school level. The changes in the vertebral column obtained a high percentage among the researched subjects, however, there were no significant differences in the anthropometric measurements. On the other hand, the computer usage conditions were reasonable. The statements identified that the ergonomic program was important for postural awareness, movement improvement of the vertebral column and pain relief. This study shows that computerized environments which are not adjusted for the elderly can lead to an accented incorrect posture and musculoskeletal pain.

Role Development for Radiation Therapists: An Examination of the Computed Tomographic Simulation Procedure for Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the role of radiation therapists (RTs) in the computed tomographic (CT) simulation procedure for patients receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer at a large comprehensive cancer clinic. RTs had developed a "hybrid role" whereby they practiced autonomously during a "therapist-led CT simulation." As well as CT scanning, RTs assessed the images, performed isocentre and field placement, and contoured the organs at risk in preparation for dosimetrists to optimize the dose distribution. A comparison between the confidence of the radiation oncologists (ROs) in delegating tasks to RTs for this procedure was compared with the RTs' confidence (self-assessed) in performing the task. Changes to the patient's plan after the CT procedure were recorded to examine the level of autonomy that was achieved as well as to identify areas for the development of RT skill, knowledge, and judgment. METHODS: A prospective mixed method two phase study was performed. In phase 1, seven key areas of critical tasks performed by RTs in the CT simulation procedure were identified and documented by the study population. Changes made to these critical tasks after CT simulation was complete were categorized. Responsibility for the changes (RT or RO), the presence of the RO at the CT simulation, and other issues were documented. In phase 2, surveys were distributed to ROs and RTs to rank their confidence levels of RTs performing the identified critical tasks during the CT simulation. RESULTS: For phase 1, 330 CT simulation cases for breast cancer over a 4-month period were documented. Eighty-four percent of cases remained unchanged and were approved by the RO; the majority of changes were initiated by a second more experienced RT. The majority of changes were related to cardiac coverage for left-sided patients (4.8%) and scar coverage (3.3%). ROs were present for 42% of the cases. For phase 2, 9 RO surveys (75% response) and 21 RT surveys (81% response) were returned. The majority of ROs and RTs agreed that they had confidence in RTs' abilities to perform the identified critical tasks. Factors that influenced RTs' confidence were complexity of the patient; self-confidence; and experience of the RT, RO practice preferences, and RT training availability and consistency. CONCLUSIONS: RTs have achieved a level of autonomy in their practice illustrated in the CT simulation process for breast cancer patients. This may be expanded with continued training and education. Formal mentoring relationships in CT simulation may aid in knowledge development. Enhanced communication between ROs and RTs will improve the process. This will enable RTs to provide a more efficient process and better patient care through improvements to continuity, flow, and quality.

A capacidade funcional de um grupo de idosos centenários / Functional capacity of a group of elderly centennial

A capacidade de desempenho em atividades da vida diária permite a pessoa idosa cuidar-se e responder por si no âmbito doméstico; porém, na velhice, o declínio físico representa um risco severo a sua independência. Este estudo objetivou descrever as condições de funcionalidade de um grupo de idosos centenários no município de Passo Fundo (RS). Participaram nove idosos com idade entre 100 e 104; para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada e aplicação do índex de Katz; os dados foram analisados qualitativamente. Os resultados apontam que o desempenho da função “banho” ainda é a mais comprometida. As funções “vestir-se e banheiro” estão, em sua maioria, no grupo Independentes. Os centenários deste estudo necessitam menos auxílio em funções como a de “transferência, continência e alimentar-se”, o que demonstra maior independência diante de algumas funções importantes no dia a dia do idoso. Os homens deste estudo demonstram maior independência, se comparados às mulheres.(AU)

The capacity of performance in activities of daily living care allows the elderly up and answer for themselves domestically, but the physical decline in old age represents a severe risk to their independence. This study aimed to describe the conditions of functionality of a group of elderly centenarians in Passo Fundo (RS). Participated in nine subjects aged between 100 and 104, for data collection used a semi-structured interview and application of the Katz index, the data were analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the performance of the function "bath" is still the most compromised. The functions "dressing and bathroom" are mostly in the independent group. The centenarians in this study need less aid in functions such as "transfer, continence and feeding," which demonstrate greater independence ahead to some important functions in everyday life of the elderly. The men in this study, demonstrate more independence compared to women.(AU)

A capacidade funcional de um grupo de idosos centenários / Functional capacity of a group of elderly centennial

A capacidade de desempenho em atividades da vida diária permite a pessoa idosa cuidar-se e responder por si no âmbito doméstico; porém, na velhice, o declínio físico representa um risco severo a sua independência. Este estudo objetivou descrever as condições de funcionalidade de um grupo de idosos centenários no município de Passo Fundo (RS). Participaram nove idosos com idade entre 100 e 104; para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada e aplicação do índex de Katz; os dados foram analisados qualitativamente. Os resultados apontam que o desempenho da função “banho” ainda é a mais comprometida. As funções “vestir-se e banheiro” estão, em sua maioria, no grupo Independentes. Os centenários deste estudo necessitam menos auxílio em funções como a de “transferência, continência e alimentar-se”, o que demonstra maior independência diante de algumas funções importantes no dia a dia do idoso. Os homens deste estudo demonstram maior independência, se comparados às mulheres.

The capacity of performance in activities of daily living care allows the elderly up and answer for themselves domestically, but the physical decline in old age represents a severe risk to their independence. This study aimed to describe the conditions of functionality of a group of elderly centenarians in Passo Fundo (RS). Participated in nine subjects aged between 100 and 104, for data collection used a semi-structured interview and application of the Katz index, the data were analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the performance of the function "bath" is still the most compromised. The functions "dressing and bathroom" are mostly in the independent group. The centenarians in this study need less aid in functions such as "transfer, continence and feeding," which demonstrate greater independence ahead to some important functions in everyday life of the elderly. The men in this study, demonstrate more independence compared to women.

Educação gerontológica, envelhecimento humano e tecnologias educacionais: reflexões sobre velhice ativa / Gerontological education, human aging and educational technologies: reflections on aging active

Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a questão do envelhecimento do indivíduo e a possibilidade deste participar de uma educação gerontológica ampliando sua qualidade de vida. Discute-se a importância da educação direcionada ao envelhecimento humano para a vida desse segmento da população que cresce em processo acelerado, além de formas e ações que proporcionem uma velhice ativa tanto no aspecto individual quanto na relação dos idosos com o mundo social que o cerca. Destaca-se, também, o processo de educação para o envelhecimento do indivíduo na criação de universidades abertas para terceira idade, novos cursos que objetivam a formação de pesquisadores e docentes do ensino superior para analisar e atender às demandas biopsicossociais da população idosa contribuindo para a produção de conhecimentos de caráter multidisciplinar sobre o tema. Tais ações, em conjunto com políticas públicas adequadas, poderão garantir as condições necessárias para a permanência do idoso ativo, assim como uma conscientização da população para a valorização do sujeito mais velho, como fontes de desenvolvimento físico, mental e emocional.(AU)

This study aims to reflect on the issue of aging of the individual and the possibility of participating in a gerontological education increasing their quality of life. It discusses the importance of education directed to human aging for the life of this population that grows in the accelerated procedure, and forms and actions that provide an active old age both in the individual and the relationship of the elderly with the social world that surrounds. It is noteworthy too, the process of education for the older individual in the creation of open universities for seniors, new courses aimed at training researchers and teachers in higher education to analyze and meet the demands of the elderly population biopsychosocial contributing to the production of multidisciplinary knowledge on the subject. These actions together with appropriate public policies, will ensure the necessary conditions for the elderly to stay active, as well as an awareness of the population to value the older guy, as sources of physical, mental and emotional.(AU)